NI101

Graves and Corcoran,(1989)

Health informatics, it also called healthcare informatics. It is information engineering applied to the field of healthcare, essentially the management and use of patient healthcare information. It is a multidisciplinary field that uses health information technology (HIT) to improve health care via any combination of higher quality, higher efficiency and new opportunities.

The NLM defines health informatics health informatics as "the disciplinary study of the design, development, adoption and application of IT-based innovations in health care services delivery, management and planning. It also deals with resources, devices and methods required to optimize the acquisition.


Graves and Corcoran Health Care Informatics


https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/.1365-2753.2002.00345.x



Schwinian, 1986

Nursing information involves identification of information needs, resolution of the needs and attainment of nursing goals/objectives.

• Patricia Schwirian proposed a model intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in nursing informatics in 1986.
• Model/framework that enables identification of significant information needs, that can foster research (some what similar to Maslow's hieraarchy of needs)

Schwirian Model (1986)

https://www.slideshare.net/minettedin/theories-models-frameworks



Turley's Model 1996

Nursing informatics is the intersection between the discipline-specific science and the area of informatics.

Core components of informatics

• Cognitive science
• Information science
• Computer Science

 Turley's Models (1996)

https://www.slideshare.net/minettedin/theories-models-frameworks

Dreyfus Model

According to research during the seventies, the dreyfus brothers conducted a thorough research on the topic of how individual obtains and master a skill. they observed people with high quality expertise indifferent spheres and came to the conclusion, that the individual doesn't only acquire more knowledge in his field. they created five stage model which aim to describe the person from obtaining skill to mastering it.

Dreyful's Model

https://www.360pmo.com/the-five-dreyfus-model-stages/

Straggers, Gassert, and Curran, 2001

Valid and comprehensive nursing informatics (NI) competencies currently are lacking. Meanwhile, nursing leaders are emphasizing the need to include NI in nursing curricula, as well as within the roles of practicing nurses in all settings. This article presents the initial work of a team of NI experts toward development of a valid and reliable set of NI competencies. Previous work primarily has focused on computer-related skills, rather than examining a broad definition of informatics competencies. For this current work, NI competencies encompass all skills, not only computer-related skills, as well as knowledge and attitudes needed by nurses. The first two authors created a database of NI competencies from the existing literature. A larger panel of NI experts then affirmed, modified, added, or deleted competencies from this database. Competencies were placed into four distinct skill levels. Definitions of each skill level and an initial master list of competencies are provided.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11596683

NI101

Code of Ethics

The Code of Ethics for nurses with interpretive statements was developed as a guide for crying out nursing responsibilities in a manner consistent with quality in nursing care and the ethical obligations of the profession. in an effort to provide easy access to the code, they are providing view access not only in ANA members, but for all nurses and the public.

Ethics is an integral part of the foundation of nursing. Nursing has a distinguished history of concern for the welfare of the sick, injured and vulnerable and for social justice. Nursing encompasses the prevention of illness, the alleviation of suffering and the protection, promotion and restoration of health in the care of individuals who become nurses are on expected not only to adhere to the ideals and moral norms of the profession, but also to embrace then as part of what is means to be a nurse.

The code of ethics for Nurses developed by the American Nurses Association (ANA) makes explicit the primary goals, values and obligations of the profession.
The ANA Code of ethics for nurses serves as a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of every individual who enters the nursing profession. It is type profession' non negotiable ethical standard. And it is an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society.

References
https://health.mo.gov/living/alpha/phnursing/ethics.php



Nursing's Social Policy Statement

Nursing is a part of the society from which it grew and continues to evolve. As a profession, nursing is valued both within and outside that society. from the time of Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing: what it is and what it is not and the work of Virginia Henderson in 1961, the Nursing profession has been responsive to the needs of society. Continuing this tradition, in 1980 the American Nurses Association (ANA) published the first Nursing.

In 2010 ANA published the Nursing's Social Policy Statement: The essence of the profession, which articulate the ways in which contemporary nursing as a profession is valued in society. This new guide presents a summary of each section, followed by a discussion of how each social policy statement applies to nursing practice. Self regulation to assure quality and performance is at the heart of this relationship.

http://essentialguidetonursingpractice.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/pages-from-essential-guide-to-nursing-practice-chapter-1.pdf



Nursing's Scope and Standards in Practice

Nursing informatics is the specialty that integrates Nursing Science with multiple information and analytical Sciences to identify, define, manage and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice. for many people, NI and Health Informatics in general, are about technology. This is specially true of electronic health records (EHRs) that are required of all care facilities. that is just one among many aspects of  nursing informatics, a distinctive practice specialty that is the focus of this view publication.



Standard of Nursing Informatics Practices

Nursing informatics standard, which provide a framework for evaluating practice outcomes and goals, are those to which all informatics nurses are held accountable for their practices. The set of specific competencies accompanying each standard serves as essential evidence of compliance with that standard.

This foundation volume is primarily directed to those nurses involve with NI practice, education, administration and research. Other nurses, allied healthy care providers, researchers and scholar will find value in this content, as will employers, insurers, lawyers, policy makers, regulators and other stockholders.



Health Informatics Models

Health informatics (also called health care informatics, healthcare informatics, nursing informatics, clinical informatics, or biomedical informatics) is information engineering applied to the field of healthcare, essentially the management and use of patient healthcare information. It is a multi disciplinary field that uses health information technology (HIT) to improve health care via any combination of higher quality, higher efficiency (spurring lower cost and thus greater availability), and new opportunities. The disciplines involved included information science, computer science, social science,behavioral science, management science, and others. The NLM defines health imformatics as 'the interdisciplinary study of the design, development, adoption and application of IT-based innovation in healthcare services delivery, management and planning'.It deals with the resources, devices, and methods required to optimize the acquisition, storage,retrieval, and use of information in health and bio-medicine. Health informatics tools include computers, clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and information and communication systems, among others.

http;//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2753.2002.00345.x